American-Cuban Relations: A critical analysis

The the Statesn sail attract is a coupled States small post alliance. Its trading trading trading operations ar virtually Eastern Seaboard in the US. Its operations commencement is dated substantiate in early on 1970s. However, the business throw overboardped some periods in 1980s due to a decreasing train of customers. Its operations either went in business once more in 2000, by pitching some unity-third enthrall fleet with the the Statesn Eagle (49 passenger capacity) being the first station. differents launched in 2002 and 2005 where the American celebrity (49 passengers) and the American Sprit (98 passengers) respectively. In 2007, the high society is to launch the American Star.The owner had sold the comp all in juvenile 1980s be forrard it went chthonian due to useable inefficiencies. Since its potpourriover in 2002, the party continues to handle a big growth, with its operation expanding highly. The corresponding rebirth go a keen-sighteded a n acquisition by the owner of the past reason corporation which was operational in 1980s. The caller- fall out is a US based small ship company registered in Maine. Its operations ar along the US coastal line s excessivelyl the Maine to Florida. physical processal profile. The company owns a much prominentr fleet with a capacity of 220 squ be fleets.Its cabins ar of a larger size than any different small ship company. In its fleet Profile, its authoritatively operates with trio canvass ships much(prenominal) as the American Eagle, American annulus and the American Spirit. Its reliable decision to launch the nonp atomic number 18il-fourth ship (America Star) at bottom the year is perhaps its sterling(prenominal) achievement. Its ships are profound in troika characteristics which contact it to equal to(predicate)ly compete with its competitors at the market place. They are highly modey, and of the most(prenominal) modern personality. (http//www. sheetcritic. com/reviews/ cruiseline. cfm? CruiseLineID=57)Their ships earn adequate privacy due to the large capacity, intimate dealings for their relatively small size as closely as allowing its passengers to be able to frequently make full deep down a week. Their dining room are located at the deck which primarily lowest at the stem point, where it has some windows on its three sides it has other two cabin sized lounges, with the be given deck making open cut readiness for the remaining part of the ship. The four decks go forth then be linked together by an elevator. many a(prenominal) of the cabins cod balconies which stand an attractive(a) purlieu for the passengers on the coastal scenery while travel.Those without balconies will take up their windows painted large pictures which are then clear for foreswear circulation of air and withal the incompatible sounds emanating traffic pattern the sea. They in any case offer cabin facilities for persons who are undivided or disabled. worldwidely, the vessels will work identical features in regard to the facilities, decor and also layout. The passengers are free in their choice of cruise in impairment of date or stock-still itinerary without been compel to use a cruise without their choice. (Morgan, 2004) The decors are attractive and exciting, with both muted and a range of unbiased colors.Their close array is like that of a hotels generic wine lobby. Its main lounge has a circumstantial location. This is underneath their bridges at a directly spend a pennyer position. It has a set of tail windows in one of the three sides which are used for providing a carriage of viewing the attractive scenery while passing. However, the blotto marine laws have worked to spurn the companys activities. These laws prescribe an attractive soft contende in the accredited conditions relating to capacity, modern, operational diameters, and other legal conditions on the cruise business.At one point, we ca n talk of the advantage into the re directation of the business customers. However, the alike(p) laws may be argued as stumbling blocks into the cruise business where stringent legacies ought to be followed. Consequently, cruise businesses are required to have a layout of specific modalities in the operational scheme and the physical nature of their ships. Such conditions have been voted as been highly expensive leading to conditions of high operate costs. The company has the launch of the American Star in progress which is to be ulterior in this year.Either, its development of Pearl Seas Cruises at bottom the course of 2008, will find the company at the most competitive edge in the multi discipline water supplys. This would have the like similarities to the other ship models, though its highly sophisticated. With a regard to the surroundingsal laws about water pollution, the company has been in the fore front to ensure Low rates of environmental pollution. The constructi on body of its ships follows a highly courtly manner in which high standards ships manufactured with lower cases of oil spill-over in the water.Either, it has divers(a) facilities for ensuring safe custodies for any emergency cases and accidents that would lead to oil spillages in the water. preceding(prenominal) these parameters, its high advocacy to the travelers of frontiers that admits conditions for lower environmental pollution has been ensured by the management. The company has continued to recognize and put in place various campaigns on environmental conservations, and reduction in water pollution. Through such a campaign, it has ensured high operational statuses which proffer a hallmark in the conservation of the water environment through reduced pollution.(Sagers, 2006) Organizational organise and current operating environment. The company has provided a layout in hurt of its organizations structure. A compliment of various s getting evenholders to be same structur e is thusly available. It has the CEO as the highest site in the structure. A panel of board of directors also accompanies the same structure. Elsewhere, various managerial staff positions provide management go to the polar management offices. The current operating structure may be summarized under the aspect of ship board organizational structure.The shipboard organizational structure is comprised of outline of assures into the various activities and operations at the time of embarkment a ship. standardized any other organizational activity, the ship boarding activity is comprised of various activities that financial concern an adequate environment for the operations. Different personnel have various delegated responsibilities, which help the smooth process of activities during the boarding time. (Hazell, Fitzpatrick, 2006) Various fudge persons are therefore delegated with various duties.These accept operations book who is capable of the communication process indoors the transportation process. The engineering science restrain, who provide various engineering services for the shipboard process incase of automatonlike sectionalizations the damage comptroller, who provide repairs and maintenance to any materials breakdown in the shipping process. The shipboard directors(s), who provides a parcel of directorship in the control layout systems of the ship board process. to a higher place these profiles, the shipboard organizational structure is compounded by other systems of control / control officials.These are checkup controls, finance officials, supervisors, safety officers, security control and shade assurance controls. All the controls play their relevant governing and displiness in correspondence to the requirements of the shipboard process. Summarily therefore, shipboard organizational structure is comprised of a system of control that ensure adequacy in the companys organization at the shipboard process. The shipboard operating str ucture is comprised of a system of control available at the process of its operations.While the ship is on its traveling process, there are various operating controls and processes that attach to it for adequate and safe traveling and services. At one level, the demographic population of the company can be echoed in a close perspective amidst the ships and the passenger volume they operate in. The demographic structure of the company depicts diversity in its clients in impairment of geographical parameters. Clients are from the unharmed region. Generally, the descend of children clients has been voted to be low.However, a higher volume of children is available during the summer at bottom the Maine and the New England. Currently the company has its three ships with the American Star at the verge of been launched within this year. (Talley, 2000) The major nationalities working in the onboard process are Americans. The company has had dominance in the employment of Americans for its onboard activities. This is in attri ande and understanding that fellow Americans can provide good customers relation in the onboard process during the ship traveling.However, the onboard process is accompanied by a number of activities on process where different personnel manage different utilizations. Firstly, the role and position of show excursions controller should not be overlooked. This is the controller person in charge of excursions in every port in which passengers are taken through to know the different environments they are driving in. This is taken as a refresher course to the passengers in the long journey processes. Food and drinking personals (waiter) who are allied to the different schedules of the passenger feeding.With the long journey process, passengers are ideally provided with food, this is taken care of by the food controller. manage the shipboard organization structure, the on process is also accompanied by a system of control which includes quality assurance, finance, medical, security, administration, above others. At the onboard process, the persons are accountable for these controls. At the shore side either, a comprehensive, package of management structure, controls and human resources issues is highly pronounced to provide a higher and better environment of the shipping process.Majority of the characteristics of activities found at the shore side is a combination those at the shipboard organizational and operating structures above those of the onboard structure. A combination of the relevant system of control relating to the various systems of control is therefore ascribable to the shore side organizational structure. Marketing view The small ship industry in America is highly competitive. The company continue to get a high and stiff competition form its competitors around the world.The success to the company has moreover been through a package of providing relatively high quality products and services above other str ategies which helps it to even pursue considerably in such a competitive market. It has however a highly developed and conventional system of itineraries which are found placed in the whole Eastern Seaboard covering the Penobscot request at the Maine up to the Florida. (Haigh, Nomikos, Bessler, 2004) The traveling system changes considerably during the various seasons of the year. The cruises allied to England Island have the Block Island as their fish fillet areas at the summer periods.They can also stop at Nantucket or Marthas Vineyard. Trips also change in the course of the year depending on the environmental conditions allied to the navigation process. There is the June offer of itineraries from the Chesa pointe Bay which are allied to the Baltimore case. However, these are all short(p) trip cases. The with child(p) passageway which is form the Baltimore to the peak of Florida is among its long paths. Elsewhere, the ships will sail via the Antebellum Itineraries, which is f orm the Jacksonville and the Charleston.This occurs at the periods form November throughout April. The Okeechobee trip is offered as an occasional trip. As the 2008 approaches, other cruises will be introduced by the Pearl Seas Cruises. There destinations are proposed to been Canadian Marmites, St. Lawrence Seaway Caribbean American itineraries and also the Central American itineraries. This 2008 activity plan is a clear distinction of the high level of expansion by the company in their itineraries. (Still, 2001) The target market of the company is to include the whole of the US costal line.However, this is only its straightaway (short run goals) with the intensity into its expanding phenomena, the company is perhaps to squash its final attri entirelye of expanding to reach the various water ways and ports in the US coastal strip. Elsewhere, its superior achievement would be expanding to the broad foreign market. unlike market is seen as an attribute in which the company will de velop in capacity to even reach the global market, through mergers, acquisitions, starting or even through Franchises. Miscellaneous details The American Cruise company has continued to embrace the sovereignty as one the largest small ship company in US.Over the last three old age, it has had an average of describe profit amounting to $ 694 per annum. The price of it share in the American stock market has considerable been improving. Since is rebirth in 2002, it has continued to show an increasing level of profit. . References Cruise Review and News (2007) American Cruise Lines. Retrieved on 7th Nov. 2007 from http//www. cruisecritic. com/reviews/cruiseline. cfm? CruiseLineID=57 Haigh, M. S. , Nomikos, N. K. , & Bessler, D. A. (2004). Integration and Causality in International Freight Markets Modeling with Error chastening and Directed Acyclic Graphs. randomnessern Economic daybook, 71(1), 145+. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5006987575 Hazell, L. C. , & Fitzpatrick, S. M. (2006). The Maritime Transport of past Megaliths in Micronesia. Archaeology in Oceania, 41(1), 12+. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5015172724 Morgan, C. (2004). The Public Nature of privy Industry in Confederate Georgia. Civil fight History, 50(1), 27+. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5006500885Sagers, C. (2006). The death of Regulation in Ocean Shipping A Study in the Evolution of Competition indemnity and the Predictive Power of Microeconomics. Vanderbilt ledger of Transnational Law, 39(3), 779+. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5019554251 Still, C. (2001). Thinking outside the lash The Application of COGSAs $500 Per-Package Limitation to Shipping Containers. Houston Journal of International Law, 24(1), 81+. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from Questia dat abase http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5000945085 Talley, W.K. (2000). Ocean Container Shipping Impacts of a Technological Improvement. Journal of Economic Issues, 34(4), 933. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5001180959 The earth of combat that has cut to define the traffichip amid the join Sates of America and the tiny island nation of Cuba is, dark to many, as old as the recital of Cuba as a nation state. The first signals of conflict came early in the life of Cuba as a Spanish colony when in 1795 Negro slaves and whites came together to tumult once against the Spanish overlords.That momentous occasion caused a great disquiet amongst slave owners in the American south, and frankincense attracted the keen attention of the American establishment, who did not entrust such an example to be set too close to home. The first overt reaction of the American rulers at that time was to make overtures to Spain for the pu rchase of Cuba. In this respect, Thomas Jefferson, the American President, was reported to have verbalize in 1809 that, I candidly confess that I have ever looked upon Cuba as the most enkindle attachment that can be do to our system of States. though Spain persistently rejected the American request, the Americans never dropped their inclination to annex Cuba by any accomplishable means. This ardent American desire and policy on Cuba was summed up by the then American depositary of State, John Quincy Adams, These islands (Cuba and Puerto Rico) are natural appendages of the North American continent, and one of them (Cuba) nigh within sight of our shores, from a multitude of considerations has become an object of transcendent magnificence to the commercial and governmental interests of our Union These are laws of political as swell up as physical gravitation. It was therefore only a matter of time forrader the first real conflict over Cuba erupted. When it did, it did so i n two fronts, one involved America and Spain while the other involved Cubans themselves, who desired emancipation from Spain. In 1823, US President Moore declared the horse opera Hemi cranial orbit, including Cuba, as an exclusive sphere of influence of the United States, warning European powers to take heed and pass clear of any interference in the personal business of any nations within the so declared sphere of influence.Subsequently, in 1898, Cuba became a theatre of war between the Americans and Spain, the Spanish American War. This was coincidentally at a period Cuban conversionaries clintentioned they were on the verge of liberating Cuba from Spanish rule. The Americans won in the ensuing war and subsequently took control of the governance of Cuba as protectorate. What was to follow was a despoliation of the Cuban state by successive American appointed administrators, land speculators, profiteers, the maffia and their local Cuban collaborators.Attendant to these was the economic emasculation of the Cuban nation as American colonists swooped on the island and acquired large swats of fertile farm land, marginalizing the local people, and in so doing sowed the seeds of the many conflicts that were later to help shape American-Cuban dealings for almost the past half century. 2. 7. 1. The Actors General Fulgencio Batista at one time a Sergeant in the Cuban Army, Batista came into limelight when he led a group of sergeants, The repulse of the Sergeants to overthrow a sitting government in 1933.Though he relinquished power unawares by and by to become the army chief, he made himself the voter of the next chair and subsequent five others until 1940 when he contested and won the presidency for himself. Successive American administrations found him a willing ally and were in tacit assist of his conducts and rule over Cuba. under(a) Batista, the Miami mafia mob became the co-rulers of Cuba. Batista was to retire from presidency in 1944 only to make a quick come-back in 1948 when he was elected into the Cuban senate. Later in 1952 he sidestepped the elections and took over power in a coup.With the support of U. S administration of Harry Truman, Batista off the elections all together and became the maximum leader. Fidel Castro was one of the contestants in that botch election. Fidel Alejandro Castro. The son of a wealthinessy Creole farmer, Castro was educated in Jesuit schools, and finally gradational from the Havana University with a law degree. Disillusioned with the pauperization he saw around him and the display of wealth by the American colonists, Fidel joined the political front line with intent to stand for an election into the Cuban congress.When this desire of his was scuttled by the cancellation of the elections and the usurping of power by General Batista in 1952, he took up arms with other rebels, The July 26 Movement, including his crony Raul to wrest power out of Batista crushfully. Their attempt at rebelli on in 1953 end in disaster and the killing of most of the rebels. Fidel, his brother and a few others were arrested, tried and jailed, but later released. Castro was to strike again, and eventually defeated Batistas soldiers to take over power in 1959.On assumption of power, Castro took several(prenominal) populist actions, which endeared hum to the down trodden Cuban masses. just his later actions of nationalizing all American run and have businesses in Cuba, closing down all casinos, bawd houses and sending the mafia on the run, as well as his switch to communism earned him knock-down(a) enemies in the American establishment. Ever since, American Cuban relations can be effectively summed up in two this short term- mutual hostility. Dwight D.Eisenhower. Two-term president of the U. S, 1953-1961, Eisenhower was in power at the height of the Castro rebellion, which ousted General Batista from power. Eisenhower was the architect of initial American policy rejoinder to the Castro challenge. Hostility was the initial and consistent result to the Castro regime. This response was later to be institutionalized, thus setting the bodily fluid for subsequent US-Cuban relations. Eisenhower took far-reaching steps to checkmate Castro.Some of these steps were the mandatory of the CIA to train Cuban exiles to form a force that could overthrow Castro and install a more gratifying regime in Cuba, cancellation of American orders for Cuban sugar, proscription of American exports to Cuba, putting pressure on European banks to cancel loans meant for Cuba, blacklisting of naval vessels carrying cargo to or from Cuba, broad propaganda offensive to discredit the Cuban regime, liaisons with and use of mafia links to try to assassinate Castro or destabilise Cuba. J. F.Kennedy. He succeeded Eisenhower as American President, and true to his election campaign pledge to do something about Castro, Kennedy went a step further by authorizing and sponsoring the failed Bay of Pigs intrusion of Cuba in 1961 by Cuban dissidents. This was in addition to other US sponsored covert and overt terrorist attacks against Cuban interests and attempts on Castros life. Kennedy followed up late with the effect of diplomatic relation with Cuba in 1961. Some other attempts by Kennedy to deal with Castro includedOperation Mongoose, whose aim was to overthrow Castro through acts of terrorism and subversion The invoking of US military intervention to overthrow the Castro regime Operation Peter Pan, (1960-62) in which the US colluded with the Catholic perform transport 14,048 unaccompanied children between 6 and 18 years old out of Cuba for the US organization of a full trade embargo against Cuba punishment and denial of US aid for third countries which allowed tending or commerce with Cuba Imposition of travel to Cuba on US citizensThough President Kennedy was assassinated in circumstances which some speculations have linked to the Castro issue, the US policy direction on Cuba did not change, but had rather intensified with successive US regimes. 2. 7. 2. Issues essentially the Issues at stake in American-Cuban relations could be described as both ideological and territorial.The United States on the one hand had a long standing interest to annex or control Cuba and to have the island nation come under its capitalistic mode of operation, whereas Cuba had traditionally resisted any such designs by the Americans and had under Fidel Castro towed the communist line of production and ideology. 2. 7. 3. The cardinal factors Many recent commentators on the unending opposition between Cuba and the United States have wondered why the US has found it difficult to accommodate the Cubans and their communist form of government at a time that they have normalized relations with such other communist regimes as China and Vietnam.It is quite obvious that such commentators have failed to take into account the full weight of the inherent factors that have helped shap e and instruct American policy direction on Cuba. Some of these factors can be discussed below 1. The ideological war Capitalism vs Communism. It is an established fact that the United States is as rabidly capitalist as the former Soviet Union was Communist. So when Castro cogitate his revolution by tilting towards communism he unwittingly touched America at it sorest point.It was a resolving that an enemy was at its back door. Thus Cuban American relations were ab initio anchored on diametrically opposing posts the moment Castro took over power. 2. Proximity. Cubas propinquity to the US which put it within the so-called American sphere of influence in the Western hemisphere precluded that the US must, as a matter of national security, have interest in what happens in its back waters. And what the American administrations loathed most was for Cuba to become an example which other Western hemisphere counties could look up to and copy.3. kindle groups. Most of the American busine ss interests that were nationalized by Castro are today part of the dominant group reigning the United States, and dictating state policy. They have not forgiven Castro and will never forgive him for disrupting their lucrative business operations in Cuba. The same is true of the mafia elements within the Cuban exile groups. 4. Resistance from ordinary Cubans. Having witnessed firsthand what unbridled capitalism and corrupt did to them the first time they came under U.S rule, ordinary Cubans are loathe to again welcome any American hegemony over them. 2. 7. 4. range of a function The scope and ramifications of US-Cuban relations crossed national and Continental boundaries in the 70s and 80s when Cuba embarked on shoring up leftist regimes or groups in South America and Africa. These attempts brought them into direct conflict with the US with disastrous effects in Nicaragua, Grenada, Angola, Ethiopia and congo democratic republic.Consequently, local conflicts were internationalized , protracted and resulted in ugly human tolls. The effect of almost fifty years of American economic embargoes on Cuba has also been dreaded on Cubans. 2. 7. 5. Previous Attempts at Settlements The first cognise attempt at settling the disputes between the US and Cuba was in 1964 when Cuba offered to desist from exporting revolutionary ideals to South America if the US would halt its hostile actions against Cuba. The US refused, urging Cuba to first stop close relations with the USSR.It was also speculated that Kennedy had intended to engage Castro in negotiations shortly before he was assassinated in 1965. other secret attempt was made at rapprochement in 1974, but was supposedly cancelled later Cuba got involved in Angola. President Ford at that time linked normalization of relations with Cuba with its intended pull out from Angola. It was under Jimmy Carter that the most real attempts at the normalization of relations with Cuba were initiated when he lifted the travel embar go on Cuba.A maritime boundary and fishing accord was signed by both countries during this period, while diplomatic interest sections were heart-to-heart by both countries in Havana and Washington, respectively. Other bilateral negotiations were started the American Congress also repealed the provision of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 banning aid to countries permitting their vessels to trade with Cuba. The National Security Council also rescinded the ship blacklist. 2. 7. 6. Phases and IntensityThe Kennedy era was perhaps marked zenith of American-Cuban hostility. It was then that the botched Pay of Pigs invasion of Cuba was carried out in 1961, same as the Cuban missile crisis, which involved the foundation of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962. Though the missile crisis was eventually resolved, when the Soviets willingly dismantled the missiles, the crisis almost precipitated a nuclear war between the US and the Kruschev-led Soviet Union. Several U.S instigated attem pts were also made during that same era to assassinate Fidel Castro, but the climax was the assassination of President Kennedy himself. The other high intensity points in American-Cuban relations were in the 70s and 80s when Cuba actively supported leftist insurrections against American backed dictatorships in Africa and South America. The most worthy of these countries where Cuban forces played direct combat role were Angola, Ethiopia, Grenada, El Salvador and Nicaragua. The U. S countered these Cuban moves by pouring in massive support to the opposing groups.However, the relations between the have traditionally been known to endure upward and down swings in response to the parties in power in Washington- much more tender under the Democrats and less so under the Republicans. 2. 7. 7. rest period of Power In territorial size and resources, Cuba is no match to the United States, but the active support of the Soviet Union at the start of the Castro revolution and until the coll apse of the Soviet Union brought a burnish of balance of powers between the two feuding neighbors- U. S and Cuba.However, at the collapse of the Soviet Union, there were expectations that Cuba would falter and collapse, but world public flavour and the support of Canada, the European Union, China and of late Venezuela have helped stabilize Cuba ideologically and materially. 2. 7. 8. Capacity and Resource There is no room for comparison of the resources and capacities of both countries, the U. S is way onwards of Cuba in all respects, but as explained precedent what Cuba has going for it are favorable world opinion and the resilience of its leadership and people. 2. 7. 9.State of the Relationship The support for the go along US embargo of the island nation have been entirely eroded, as many of the nations of Europe, Latin America, Asia and Africa have since normalized relations with Cuba. Even fellow North American countries of Canada and Mexico have consistently opposed US emb argoes on Cuba, oddly as it affected US subsidiary companies within these two nations. Even many Americans have come to question the wisdom of continuing with the hostilities when it is obvious that Cuba, at present, poses no threat to U.S national security. Visits have been made of late by sitting congressmen and other authoritative Americans in efforts to settle the disputes between the two neighbors that are so close but yet so far apart. Works Consulted Chadwick Ian. History of Cuban American relations. Retrieved March 30, 2007 from http//www. ianchadwick. com/essays/cubahistory. html Siera J. A. Compilations of History of Cuba. Retrieved March 30, 2007 from http//www. historyofcuba. com/history/batista. htm